魏书十七 · 张郃传

张郃字俊乂，河间鄚人也。汉末应募讨黄巾，为军司马，属韩馥。馥败，以兵归袁绍。绍以郃为校尉，使拒公孙瓒。瓒破，郃功多，迁宁国中郎将。

Zhang He, courtesy name Junyi, was from Mo, Hejian. At the end of the Han, he answered the call for recruits to campaign against the Yellow Turbans and became an army Major under Han Fu. When Han Fu was defeated, Zhang He led his troops to join Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao appointed him Colonel and sent him against Gongsun Zan. After Gongsun Zan was defeated, Zhang He, with his great merits, was promoted to Gentleman General Who Pacifies the State.

太祖与袁绍相拒于官渡，绍遣将淳于琼等督运屯乌巢，太祖自将急击之。郃说绍曰：「曹公兵精，往必破琼等；琼等破，则将军事去矣，宜急引兵救之。」郭图曰：「郃计非也。不如攻其本营，势必还，此为不救而自解也。」郃曰：「曹公营固，攻之必不拔，若琼等见禽，吾属尽为虏矣。」绍但遣轻骑救琼，而以重兵攻太祖营，不能下。太祖果破琼等，绍军溃。图慙，又更谮郃曰：「郃快军败，出言不逊。」郃惧，乃归太祖。

At Guandu, Cao Cao faced Yuan Shao in a stalemate. Yuan Shao sent the general Chunyu Qiong and others to escort the supply lines and encamp at Wuchao. Cao Cao personally led a swift attack against them. Zhang He urged Yuan Shao: “Lord Cao’s troops are elite. If he attacks, he will certainly defeat Chunyu Qiong and the others. Once they are defeated, your cause will be lost, General. We must send troops to their aid at once." Guo Tu said, "Zhang He's advice is mistaken. We should attack Cao Cao’s main camp instead. He will be forced to return, and Chunyu Qiong will be relieved without us having to rescue him." Zhang He replied, "Cao Cao’s camp is strongly fortified. We will certainly fail to take it. If Chunyu Qiong and the others are captured, we shall all become prisoners." Yuan Shao sent only light cavalry to aid Qiong, while committing his main force to attack Cao Cao’s camp, but failed to take it. Cao Cao duly defeated Qiong and the others, and Yuan Shao’s army collapsed. Guo Tu, ashamed, then slandered Zhang He again, saying, "Zhang He rejoiced at our army’s defeat and spoke with insolence." Fearing for his life, Zhang He surrendered to Cao Cao.

太祖得郃甚喜，谓曰：「昔子胥不早寤，自使身危，岂若微子去殷、韩信归汉邪？」拜郃偏将军，封都亭侯。授以众，从攻邺，拔之。又从击袁谭于渤海，别将军围雍奴，大破之。从讨柳城，与张辽俱为军锋，以功迁平狄将军。别征东莱，讨管承，又与张辽讨陈兰、梅成等，破之。从破马超、韩遂于渭南。围安定，降杨秋。与夏侯渊讨鄜贼梁兴及武都氐。又破马超，平宋建。

Cao Cao was greatly delighted to have Zhang He and said to him, "In former times, Wu Zixu failed to see the truth soon enough and brought danger upon himself.How can that compare with Weizi leaving Yin or Han Xin joining Han?" He appointed Zhang He Adjunct General and enfeoffed him as Capital Neighbourhood Marquis. Given troops to command, Zhang He took part in the attack on Ye and captured it. He then joined the campaign against Yuan Tan in Bohai, and separately led troops to besiege Yongnu, where he won a great victory. During the expedition to Liucheng, Zhang He and Zhang Liao served as the army’s vanguard. For his merit, he was promoted to General Who Subdues the Di. Zhang He later separately campaigned in Donglai against Guan Cheng, then joined Zhang Liao in defeating Chen Lan, Mei Cheng, and others. He took part in the defeat of Ma Chao and Han Sui south of the Wei River, then besieged Anding and induced Yang Qiu to surrender. Together with Xiahou Yuan, Zhang He also campaigned against Liang Xing, a rebel from Fucheng, and the Di of Wudu. He later again defeated Ma Chao and subdued Song Jian.

祖征张鲁，先遣郃督诸军讨兴和氐王窦茂。太祖从散关入汉中，又先遣郃督步卒五千于前通路。至阳平，鲁降，太祖还，留郃与夏侯渊等守汉中，拒刘备。郃别督诸军，降巴东、巴西二郡，徙其民于汉中。进军宕渠，为备将张飞所拒，引还南郑。拜荡寇将军。刘备屯阳平，郃屯广石。备以精卒万余，分为十部，夜急攻郃。郃率亲兵搏战，备不能克。其后备于走马谷烧都围，渊救火，从他道与备相遇，交战，短兵接刃。渊遂没，郃还阳平。

When Cao Cao campaigned against Zhang Lu, he first sent Zhang He to command the armies against Dou Mao, the Di king of Xinghe. Cao Cao entered Hanzhong through Sanguan, first sending Zhang He ahead with 5,000 infantry to clear the road. On reaching Yangpingguan, Zhang Lu surrendered. Cao Cao then returned, leaving Zhang He, Xiahou Yuan, and others to defend Hanzhong against Liu Bei. Zhang He was separately placed in command of several armies, and subdued the two commanderies of Badong and Baxi, resettling their inhabitants in Hanzhong. He then advanced to Dangqu, but was repulsed by Liu Bei's general Zhang Fei and withdrew to Nanzheng. Zhang He was later appointed General Who Sweeps the Bandits. Thereafter, Liu Bei encamped at Yangpingguan, while Zhang He held Guangshi. Liu Bei divided more than 10,000 elite troops into ten units and launched a fierce night attack. Zhang He led his personal guard in close combat, and Liu Bei could not overcome him. Later, Liu Bei set fire to the main defences at Zouma Valley. Xiahou Yuan went to fight the blaze, but encountered Liu Bei along another route. The two sides fought blade to blade, Xiahou Yuan was killed, and Zhang He withdrew to Yangpingguan.

当是时，新失元帅，恐为备所乘，三军皆失色。渊司马郭淮乃令众曰：「张将军，国家名将，刘备所惮；今日事急，非张将军不能安也。」遂推郃为军主。郃出，勒兵安阵，诸将皆受郃节度，众心乃定。太祖在长安，遣使假郃节。太祖遂自至汉中，刘备保高山不敢战。太祖乃引出汉中诸军，郃还屯陈仓。

At that time, the army had just lost its commander and feared that Liu Bei would seize the advantage. All the troops were stricken with alarm. Xiahou Yuan’s Major, Guo Huai, addressed them: "General Zhang is a renowned general of the state, whom Liu Bei fears. In this crisis, no one but General Zhang can restore order." They therefore nominated Zhang He commander of the army. Zhang He came forward, marshalled the troops, and set the battle lines in order. The other generals all submitted to his command, and the army’s morale steadied. Cao Cao was then at Chang'an. He sent an envoy to appoint Zhang He as Provisional Bearer of the Imperial Tally. Cao Cao later came personally to Hanzhong, but Liu Bei held the high ground and dared not engage. Cao Cao therefore withdrew the armies from Hanzhong, and Zhang He returned to garrison at Chencang.

文帝即王位，以郃为左将军，进爵都乡侯。及践阼，进封鄚侯。诏郃与曹真讨安定卢水胡及东羌，召郃与真并朝许宫，遣南与夏侯尚击江陵。郃别督诸军渡江，取洲上屯坞。明帝即位，遣南屯荆州，与司马宣王击孙权别将刘阿等，追至祁口，交战，破之。

When Cao Pi (posthumously honoured as Emperor Wen, the Civil Emperor) succeeded as King of Wei, he appointed Zhang He General of the Left and advanced his peerage to Capital Township Marquis. On ascending the imperial throne, Cao Pi further enfeoffed him as Marquis of Mo. The emperor ordered Zhang He and Cao Zhen to campaign against the Lushui Hu tribes of Anding and the Eastern Qiang, then summoned them both to court at the palace in Xu. Zhang He was afterwards sent south to join Xiahou Shang in attacking Jiangling. Zhang He led a separate force to cross the river and seized the fortified encampments on the islets. When Emperor Ming came to the throne, he sent Zhang He south to garrison Jing Province. Together with Sima Yi (posthumously honoured as King Xuan, the Renowned King), Zhang He attacked Liu A and other generals under Sun Quan, pursued them to Qikou, and defeated them in battle.

诸葛亮出祁山。加郃位特进，遣督诸军，拒亮将马谡于街亭。谡依阻南山，不下据城。郃绝其汲道，击，大破之。南安、天水、安定郡反应亮，郃皆破平之。诏曰：「贼亮以巴蜀之众，当虓虎之师。将军被坚执锐，所向克定，朕甚嘉之。益邑千户，并前四千三百户。」司马宣王治水军于荆州，欲顺沔入江伐吴，诏郃督关中诸军往受节度。至荆州，会冬水浅，大船不得行，乃还屯方城。

Thereafter, Zhuge Liang advanced through Mount Qi. Zhang He was promoted to Specially Advanced and sent to command the armies against Zhuge Liang’s general Ma Su at Jieting. Ma Su occupied a defensible position on the southern mountain rather than descending to hold the city. Zhang He cut off his access to water, attacked, and routed him. The commanderies of Nan'an, Tianshui, and Anding had rebelled in support of Zhuge Liang , but Zhang He defeated and pacified them all. An imperial edict proclaimed: "The rebel Zhuge Liang led the masses of Ba and Shu against our army of roaring tigers. Clad in stout armour and bearing keen weapons, you, General, brought victory and order wherever you went. I commend you highly. Your fief is hereby increased by one thousand households, bringing the total to four thousand three hundred." Later, Sima Yi trained a naval force in Jing Province, intending to follow the Mian River into the Yangtze and attack Wu. An edict ordered Zhang He to lead the armies of Guanzhong there and place himself under Sima Yi’s command. When he reached Jing Province, however, the winter waters were too shallow for the great ships to sail, so Zhang He returned and garrisoned Fangcheng.

诸葛亮复出，急攻陈仓，帝驿马召郃到京都。帝自幸河南城，置酒送郃，遣南北军士三万及分遣武衞、虎贲使衞郃，因问郃曰：「迟将军到，亮得无已得陈仓乎！」郃知亮县军无谷，不能乆攻，对曰：「比臣未到，亮已走矣；屈指计亮粮不至十日。」郃晨夜进至南郑，亮退。诏郃还京都，拜征西车骑将军。

Some time later, Zhuge Liang marched out again and fiercely attacked Chencang. The emperor summoned Zhang He to Luoyang by relay horse, and personally visited the city of Henan. There, he held a banquet to send Zhang He off and assigned him 30000 troops from the Northern and Southern Armies, together with detachments of the Martial Guards and Rapid Tigers for his protection. The emperor then asked, "By the time you arrive, will Liang not already have taken Chencang?" hang He knew that Zhuge Liang’s army was operating far from its base and lacked provisions, and so could not sustain a long attack. He replied, "Before I arrive, Zhuge Liang will surely have withdrawn. Counting the days, I judge that his supplies will last fewer than ten days." Zhang He pressed on day and night. By the time he reached Nanzheng, Zhuge Liang had withdrawn. An edict recalled Zhang He to Luoyang, where he was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry Who Conquers the West.

郃识变数，善处营阵，料战势地形，无不如计，自诸葛亮皆惮之。郃虽武将而爱乐儒士，尝荐同乡卑湛经明行修，诏曰：「昔祭遵为将，奏置五经大夫，居军中，与诸生雅歌投壶。今将军外勒戎旅，内存国朝。朕嘉将军之意，今擢湛为博士。」

Zhang He had a keen grasp of changing circumstances and was skilled in setting up camps and drawing up formations. His assessments of battle conditions and terrain invariably proved correct, and even Zhuge Liang was wary of him. Though a military commander, Zhang He delighted in the company of Confucian scholars. He once recommended his fellow countryman Bei Zhan as a man well versed in the classics and cultivated in conduct. An edict proclaimed: "Long ago, when Ji Zun was a general, he petitioned for Doctors of the Five Classics to be appointed. In camp, he sang classical odes and played pitch-pot with the students. Now, General, though you command the troops in the field, you remain mindful of the imperial court. I commend your intention and hereby appoint Bei Zhan an Erudite."

诸葛亮复出祁山，诏郃督诸将西至略阳，亮还保祁山，郃追至木门，与亮军交战，飞矢中郃右膝，薨，谥曰壮侯。子雄嗣。郃前后征伐有功，明帝分郃户，封郃四子列侯。赐小子爵关内侯。

Afterwards, Zhuge Liang again marched out through Mount Qi. By imperial edict, Zhang He took command of the generals and advanced west to Lüeyang. Zhuge Liang withdrew to hold Mount Qi, and Zhang He pursued him to Mumen and engaged his army in battle. An arrow struck Zhang He in the right knee, and he died. Zhang He was posthumously titled Marquis Zhuang, the Valiant Marquis. His son Zhang Xiong succeeded him. In recognition of Zhang He’s repeated merit on campaigns, Emperor Ming divided the households of his fief and enfeoffed four of his sons, each as a Marquis. His youngest son was granted the title Marquis Within the Pass.