魏书十七 · 徐晃传 · 附朱灵

徐晃字公明，河东杨人也。为郡吏，从车骑将军杨奉讨贼有功，拜骑都尉。李傕、郭汜之乱长安也，晃说奉，令与天子还洛阳，奉从其计。天子渡河至安邑，封晃都亭侯。及到洛阳，韩暹、董承日争鬬，晃说奉令归太祖；奉欲从之，后悔。太祖讨奉于梁，晃遂归太祖。

Xu Huang, courtesy name Gongming, was from Yang, Hedong. He served as a commandery clerk and followed General of Chariots and Cavalry Yang Feng in suppressing rebels. Having earned merit, he was appointed Commandant of Cavalry. During the turmoil caused by Li Jue and Guo Si in Chang'an, Xu Huang urged Yang Feng to escort the emperor back to Luoyang, and Yang Feng adopted his plan. After the emperor crossed the Yellow River and reached Anyi, Xu Huang was enfeoffed as Capital Neighbourhood Marquis. Upon their arrival in Luoyang, Han Xian and Dong Cheng fought daily. Xu Huang urged Yang Feng to go over to Cao Cao (posthumously honoured as Taizu, the Grand Progenitor). Yang Feng intended to follow his advice, but later changed his mind. When Cao Cao attacked Yang Feng at Liang, Xu Huang went over to Cao Cao.

太祖授晃兵，使击卷、原武贼，破之，拜裨将军。从征吕布，别降布将赵庶、李邹等。与史涣斩眭固于河内。从破刘备，又从破颜良，拔白马，进至延津，破文丑，拜偏将军。与曹洪击㶏彊贼祝臂，破之，又与史涣击袁绍运车于故市，功最多，封都亭侯。太祖既围邺，破邯郸，易阳令韩范伪以城降而拒守，太祖遣晃攻之。

Cao Cao gave Xu Huang troops and sent him against the bandits at Juan and Yuanwu. After defeating them, Xu Huang was appointed Assistant General. He took part in the campaign against Lü Bu, separately securing the surrender of Lü Bu's generals Zhao Shu, Li Zou, and others. Together with Shi Huan, he slew Sui Gu in Henei. Xu Huang then helped defeat Liu Bei and Yan Liang, captured Baima, advanced to Yanjin, and defeated Wen Chou. He was appointed Adjunct General. Later, Xu Huang and Cao Hong defeated the rebel Zhu Bi at Yinjiang. He then joined Shi Huan in attacking Yuan Shao's supply wagons at Gushi, where he earned the greatest merit, and was enfeoffed as Capital Neighbourhood Marquis. After Cao Cao had laid siege to Ye and taken Handan, Han Fan, Magistrate of Yiyang, feigned surrender but continued to hold the city. Cao Cao sent Xu Huang to attack him.

晃至，飞矢城中，为陈成败。范悔，晃輙降之。既而言于太祖曰：「二袁未破，诸城未下者倾耳而听，今日灭易阳，明日皆以死守，恐河北无定时也。愿公降易阳以示诸城，则莫不望风。」太祖善之。别讨毛城，设伏兵掩击，破三屯。从破袁谭于南皮，讨平原叛贼，克之。从征蹋顿，拜横野将军。从征荆州，别屯樊，讨中庐、临沮、宜城贼。又与满宠讨关羽于汉津，与曹仁击周瑜于江陵。

When Xu Huang arrived, he shot a letter into the city on an arrow, setting out the consequences of success and failure. Han Fan regretted his resistance, and Xu Huang promptly accepted his surrender. He then said to Cao Cao, "The two Yuans have yet to be defeated, and the cities that have not submitted are listening closely. If Yiyang is destroyed today, tomorrow they will all resolve to defend themselves to the death, and I fear the lands north of the Yellow River will not be pacified. I urge you, my lord, to accept Yiyang's surrender and thereby encourage the other cities. When word spreads, they will surely submit." Cao Cao approved of his words. Xu Huang then separately attacked Maocheng. He laid an ambush, launched a surprise attack, and broke three encampments. He later accompanied Cao Cao in defeating Yuan Tan at Nanpi, and subdued the rebels in Pingyuan. Thereafter, Xu Huang took part in the campaign against Tadun and was appointed General Who Sweeps Across the Wilderness. He also joined the expedition against Jing Province, where he separately garrisoned at Fancheng and suppressed the rebels at Zhonglu, Linju, and Yicheng. He then joined Man Chong in attacking Guan Yu at Hanjin, and Cao Ren in attacking Zhou Yu at Jiangling.

十五年，讨太原反者，围大陵，拔之，斩贼帅商曜。韩遂、马超等反关右，遣晃屯汾阴以抚河东，赐牛酒，令上先人墓。太祖至潼关，恐不得渡，召问晃。晃曰：「公盛兵于此，而贼不复别守蒲阪，知其无谋也。今假臣精兵蒲阪津，为军先置，以截其里，贼可擒也。」太祖曰：「善。」使晃以步骑四千人渡津。

In the fifteenth year of Jian'an, Xu Huang campaigned against the rebels in Taiyuan. He besieged and captured Daling, and beheaded the rebel leader Shang Yao. When Han Sui, Ma Chao, and others rebelled west of the passes, Xu Huang was sent to garrison Fenyin and pacify Hedong. He was granted oxen and wine and ordered to pay respects at his ancestors' graves. When Cao Cao reached Tongguan, he feared that he would be unable to cross the river and summoned Xu Huang for his counsel. Xu Huang said, "My lord, you have concentrated a great army here, yet the enemy has sent no force to guard Puban. This shows that they are without a plan. Entrust your servant with elite troops, and I shall cross at Pubanjin and secure an advance position for the army, cutting off the enemy's rear. We can then capture them." "Excellent," said Cao Cao, and he ordered Xu Huang to cross at the ford with four thousand infantry and cavalry.

作堑栅未成，贼梁兴夜将步骑五千余人攻晃，晃击走之，太祖军得渡。遂破超等，使晃与夏侯渊平隃麋、汧诸氐，与太祖会安定。太祖还邺，使晃与夏侯渊平鄜、夏阳余贼，斩梁兴，降三千余户。从征张鲁。别遣晃讨攻椟、仇夷诸山氐，皆降之。迁平寇将军。解将军张顺围。击贼陈福等三十余屯，皆破之。

Before the trenches and palisades were complete, Liang Xing led more than five thousand infantry and cavalry in a night attack on Xu Huang. Xu Huang routed them, enabling Cao Cao's army to cross. Cao Cao then defeated Ma Chao and his allies, and ordered Xu Huang and Xiahou Yuan to pacify the Di at Yumi and Qian before joining him at Anding. When Cao Cao returned to Ye, he sent Xu Huang and Xiahou Yuan to suppress the remaining bandits at Fucheng and Xiayang. They killed Liang Xing and received the surrender of more than three thousand households. Thereafter, Xu Huang took part in the campaign against Zhang Lu. He was then sent separately to campaign against the mountain Di at Gongdu and Qiuyi, all of whom surrendered. He was promoted to General Who Subdues the Bandits. Later, Xu Huang relieved General Zhang Shun from a siege, then attacked and destroyed more than thirty camps held by Chen Fu and other rebels.

太祖还邺，留晃与夏侯渊拒刘备于阳平。备遣陈式等十余营绝马鸣阁道，晃别征破之，贼自投山谷，多死者。太祖闻，甚喜，假晃节，令曰：「此阁道，汉中之险要咽喉也。刘备欲断绝外内，以取汉中。将军一举，克夺贼计，善之善者也。」太祖遂自至阳平，引出汉中诸军。复遣晃助曹仁讨关羽，屯宛。会汉水暴隘，于禁等没。羽围仁于樊，又围将军吕常于襄阳。晃所将多新卒，以羽难与争锋，遂前至阳陵陂屯。

When Cao Cao returned to Ye, he left Xu Huang and Xiahou Yuan to resist Liu Bei at Yangpingguan. Liu Bei sent Chen Shi and others with more than ten encampments to cut the Mamingge roads. Xu Huang attacked them separately and routed them. Many enemy soldiers threw themselves into the mountain ravines and died. When Cao Cao heard of this, he was greatly pleased. He appointed Xu Huang Provisional Bearer of the Imperial Tally and issued an order: "This plank road is the strategic throat of Hanzhong. Liu Bei sought to sever all communication between the interior and the outside, and thus seize Hanzhong. In a single stroke, the General has thwarted the enemy's design. No achievement could be finer." Cao Cao then went in person to Yangpingguan and led the armies to withdraw from Hanzhong. Some time after, Cao Cao sent Xu Huang to aid Cao Ren in the campaign against Guan Yu, and Xu Huang garrisoned at Wan. Around this time, the Han River flooded suddenly, engulfing Yu Jin and the others. Guan Yu besieged Cao Ren at Fancheng and General Lü Chang at Xiangyang. Most of Xu Huang's men were fresh recruits, and could not yet withstand Guan Yu's strength. Xu Huang therefore relocated to Yanglingbei and encamped there instead.

太祖复还，遣将军徐商、吕建等诣晃，令曰：「须兵马集至，乃俱前。」贼屯偃城。晃到，诡道作都堑，示欲截其后，贼烧屯走。晃得偃城，两面连营，稍前，去贼围三丈所。未攻，太祖前后遣殷署、朱盖等凡十二营诣晃。贼围头有屯，又别屯四冢。晃扬声当攻围头屯，而密攻四冢。羽见四冢欲坏，自将步骑五千出战，晃击之，退走，遂追陷与俱入围，破之，或自投沔水死。

When Cao Cao returned, he sent the generals Xu Shang, Lü Jian, and others to Xu Huang with orders: "Wait until all the troops and cavalry have assembled, then advance together." The enemy was encamped at Yancheng. On arriving, Xu Huang used a ruse, digging a long trench as if to cut off their rear. The enemy then burnt their camp and fled. Xu Huang took Yancheng, established a chain of camps on either side, and gradually advanced to within some three zhang of the enemy's siege lines. Before the attack, Cao Cao sent Yin Shu, Zhu Gai, and others to reinforce him with a total of twelve encampments. The enemy had a camp at the front of their siege lines and another at the Four Mounds nearby. Xu Huang publicly declared that he would attack the former, but secretly struck the Four Mounds. Seeing that the Four Mounds were about to fall, Guan Yu personally led out five thousand infantry and cavalry to give battle. Xu Huang defeated them and drove them back, then pursued them into the siege lines and broke them. Some enemy soldiers even threw themselves into the Mian River and drowned.

太祖令曰：「贼围堑鹿角十重，将军致战全胜，遂陷贼围，多斩首虏。吾用兵三十余年，及所闻古之善用兵者，未有长驱径入敌围者也。且樊、襄阳之在围，过于莒、即墨，将军之功，逾孙武、穰苴。」晃振旅还摩陂，太祖迎晃七里，置酒大会。太祖举巵酒劝晃，且劳之曰：「全樊、襄阳，将军之功也。」时诸军皆集，太祖案行诸营，士卒咸离阵观，而晃军营整齐，将士驻阵不动。太祖叹曰：「徐将军可谓有周亚夫之风矣。」

Cao Cao issued an order: "The rebels were protected by ten lines of trenches and abatis. You, General, engaged them and won a complete victory, then broke through their encirclement, killing and capturing many. In more than thirty years of commanding armies, and from all I have heard of the great commanders of antiquity, never have I known anyone drive straight into an enemy encirclement. Moreover, Fancheng and Xiangyang were in greater peril than Ju and Jimo when under siege. Your achievement, General, surpasses those of Sun Wu and Rangju." Xu Huang returned in triumph to Mo Lake. Cao Cao went seven Li out to meet him and held a great banquet. Raising a goblet, he urged Huang to drink and commended him: "Fancheng and Xiangyang were saved because of your achievement, General!" Later, when all the armies had assembled, Cao Cao inspected each camp, and the soldiers left their ranks to watch him pass. Xu Huang's camp alone remained orderly, its officers and men standing motionless in formation. Cao Cao exclaimed, "General Xu may truly be said to possess the spirit of Zhou Yafu."

文帝即王位，以晃为右将军，进封逯乡侯。及践阼，进封杨侯。与夏侯尚讨刘备于上庸，破之。以晃镇阳平，徙封阳平侯。明帝即位，拒吴将诸葛瑾于襄阳。增邑二百，并前三千一百户。病笃，遗令歛以时服。

When Emperor Wen (posthumously honoured as Emperor Wen, the Civil Emperor) succeeded as King of Wei, he appointed Xu Huang General of the Right and advanced him to Township Marquis of Lu. After ascending the imperial throne, the emperor made him Marquis of Yang. Xu Huang later joined Xiahou Shang in attacking Liu Bei at Shangyong and defeated him. As Xu Huang had formerly been stationed at Yangpingguan, he was transferred to become Marquis of Yangping. When Cao Rui (posthumously honoured as Emperor Ming, the Illustrious Emperor) came to the throne, Xu Huang repelled the Wu general Zhuge Jin at Xiangyang. His fief was increased by two hundred households, bringing the total to 3100. When gravely ill, he left instructions that he be dressed for burial in ordinary clothes.

性俭约畏慎，将军常远斥候，先为不可胜，然后战，追奔争利，士不暇食。常叹曰：「古人患不遭明君，今幸遇之，常以功自效，何用私誉为！」终不广交援。太和元年薨，谥曰壮侯。子盖嗣。盖薨，子霸嗣。明帝分晃户，封晃子孙二人列侯。

Xu Huang was frugal and cautious by nature, and when commanding an army always sent scouts far afield, first ensuring that he could not be defeated before giving battle. In pursuing a routed enemy or pressing for an advantage, his men had no time even to eat. He often sighed, "The men of old lamented that they did not encounter an enlightened lord. Now that I have had the good fortune to meet one, I should prove myself through achievement. What need have I of personal renown?" To the end, he never cultivated a wide circle of allies. Xu Huang died in the first year of Taihe and was posthumously titled Marquis Zhuang, the Valiant Marquis. His son Xu Gai succeeded him. When Xu Gai died, his son Xu Ba succeeded him. Emperor Ming later divided the households of Xu Huang's fief and granted two of his descendants the title of Marquis.

初，清河朱灵为袁绍将。太祖之征陶谦，绍使灵督三营助太祖，战有功。绍所遣诸将各罢归，灵曰：「灵观人多矣，无若曹公者，此乃真明主也。今以遇，复何之？」遂留不去。所将士卒慕之，皆随灵留。灵后遂为好将，名亚晃等，至后将军，封高唐亭侯。

Initially, Zhu Ling of Qinghe served as a general under Yuan Shao. When Cao Cao campaigned against Tao Qian, Yuan Shao sent Zhu Ling to command three encampments in his support, and Zhu Ling earned merit in battle. When Yuan Shao's other generals returned, Zhu Ling said, "I have observed many men, but none compares with Lord Cao. He is truly an enlightened lord. Now that I have found him, where else should I go?" He therefore remained. The soldiers under his command admired him, and all stayed with him. Zhu Ling later became an able general, his reputation second only to Xu Huang and his peers. He rose to General of the Rear and was enfeoffed as Neighbourhood Marquis of Gaotang.