魏書十八 · 閻溫傳 · 附张恭、孫賔碩、楊阿若、鮑出

魏略勇俠傳載孫賔碩、祝公道、楊阿若、鮑出等四人，賔碩雖漢人，而魚豢編之魏書，蓋以其人接魏，事義相類故也。論其行節，皆龐、閻之流。其祝公道一人，已見賈逵傳。今列賔碩等三人于後。

The Biographies of the Brave and Chivalrous in the Weilüe / Brief History of Wei records four men: Sun Binshuo, Zhu Gongdao, Yang A'ruo, and Bao Chu. Although Binshuo was a man of Shu-Han, Yu Huan included him in his book, presumably because these men had links with Wei and their deeds were of a kind. In conduct and integrity, they all belonged to the class of Pang Yu and Yan Wen. Zhu Gongdao has already appeared in the Biography of Jia Kui. The other three are set out below.

孫賔碩者，北海人也，家素貧。當漢桓帝時，常侍左悺、唐衡等權侔人主。延熹中，衡弟為京兆虎牙都尉，秩比二千石，而統屬郡。衡弟初之官，不脩敬於京兆尹，入門不持版，郡功曹趙息呵廊下曰：「虎牙儀如屬城，何得放臂入府門？」促收其主簿。衡弟顧促取版，旣入見尹，尹欲脩主人，勑外為市買。息又啟云：「左悺子弟，來為虎牙，非德選，不足為特酤買，宜隨中舍菜食而已。」及其到官，遣吏奉牋謝尹，息又勑門，言「無常見此無陰兒輩子弟邪，用其箋記為通乎？」晚乃通之，又不得即令報。

Sun Binshuo was from Beihai State. His family had always been poor. During the reign of Emperor Huan of Han, the Accomplished Emperor, Regular Attendant Zuo Guan, Tang Heng, and others wielded power equal to the ruler. During the Yanxi era, Tang Heng's younger brother became Tiger Tooth Commandant of Jingzhao, an office subordinate to the commandery and ranked equivalent to 2000 Shi. When Tang Heng's brother first took office, he showed no respect to the Intendant of Jingzhao. He entered the gates without carrying his tablet, and Zhao Xi, the commandery's Merit Section Foreman Clerk, rebuked him from the corridor: "The standing of the Tiger Tooth is subordinate to the Intendant. How dare you stroll into the Intendant's office with arms swinging free?" Zhao Xi then had his Registrar arrested. Tang Heng's brother hurriedly sent for his tablet. Once he had entered and met the Intendant, the latter wished to receive him with due hospitality and ordered provisions from the market for his welcome. Zhao Xi remonstrated again: "A kinsman of a man like Zuo Guan has come here as Tiger Tooth Commandant. He was not chosen for his virtue and merits no special provision of wine and food. He should simply eat the ordinary fare of the lodge." Upon taking up his post, he sent an official to present a formal letter of thanks to the Intendant. Zhao Xi again instructed the gatekeepers, saying, "Do you not often see the sons and younger kinsmen of these eunuchs? Why should a mere letter from him gain him admittance?" It was not passed on until evening, and even then no immediate reply was given.

衡弟皆知之，甚恚，欲滅諸趙。因書與衡，求為京兆尹，旬月之間，得為之。息自知前過，乃逃走。時息從父仲臺，見為涼州刺史，於是衡為詔徵仲臺，遣歸。遂詔中都官及郡部督郵，捕諸趙尺兒以上，及仲臺皆殺之，有藏者與同罪。時息從父岐為皮氏長，聞有家禍，因從官舍逃，走之河間，變姓字，又轉詣北海，著絮巾布袴，常於市中販胡餅。

Tang Heng's brother learnt of all this and was furious. He resolved to exterminate the entire Zhao clan. He wrote to Tang Heng asking to become Intendant of Jingzhao, and within a month or so secured the post. Recognising the imminent danger, Zhao Xi fled. At the time, his paternal uncle Zhao Zhongtai was about to become Inspector of Liang Province. Tang Heng procured an edict summoning Zhao Zhongtai and dismissed him. An imperial order then commanded the capital offices and the Post Marshals of the commanderies to arrest and kill every member of the Zhao clan, including Zhao Zhongtai, from children one chi tall upwards. Anyone who sheltered them was subject to the same punishment. Another of Zhao Xi's paternal uncles, Zhao Qi, was then Chief of Pishi. When he heard of the disaster that had befallen his clan, he abandoned his post and fled to Hejian. He changed his name and courtesy name, then moved on to Beihai State. Wearing a padded cap and coarse trousers, he made a living selling flatbreads in the marketplace.

賔碩時年二十餘，乘犢車，將騎入市。觀見岐，疑其非常人也。因問之曰：「自有餅邪，販之邪？」岐曰：「販之。」賔碩曰：「買幾錢？賣幾錢？」岐曰：「買三十，賣亦三十。」賔碩曰：「視處士之望，非似賣餅者，殆有故！」乃開車後戶，顧所將兩騎，令下馬扶上之。時岐以為是唐氏耳目也，甚怖，面失色。賔碩閉車後戶，下前襜，謂之曰：「視處士狀貌，旣非販餅者，加今面色變動，即不有重怨，則當亡命。我北海孫賔碩也，闔門百口，又有百歲老母在堂，勢能相度者也，終不相負，必語我以實。」

Sun Binshuo, then in his twenties, entered the market in an ox-cart. When he saw Zhao Qi, he suspected that he was no ordinary man. He asked, "Do you make these cakes yourself, or resell them?" "I resell them," Zhao Qi replied. "What do they cost, and what do you charge?" "I buy them for thirty cash and sell them for thirty." Sun Binshuo said, "By your bearing, sir, you do not look like a bread seller. There must be some reason for this." He opened the rear door of the cart and ordered his two horsemen to dismount and help Zhao Qi inside. Zhao Qi thought they must be agents of the Tang family and was terrified. Sun Binshuo closed the rear door, lowered the front curtain, and said, "By your appearance, you are clearly no bread seller. Now your face has changed colour as well. Either you have incurred a bitter feud or you are a fugitive. I am Sun Binshuo of Beihai State. My household numbers a hundred mouths, and I have a mother of a hundred years at home. I understand your circumstances. I would never betray you. You must tell me the truth."

岐乃具告之。賔碩遂載岐驅歸。住車門外，先入，白母言：「今日出得死友在外，當來入拜。」乃出，延岐入，椎牛鍾酒，快相娛樂。一二日，因載著別田舍，藏置複壁中。後數歲，唐衡及弟皆死。岐乃得出，還本郡。三府並辟，展轉仕進，至郡守、刺史、太僕，而賔碩亦從此顯名於東國，仕至豫州刺史。初平末，賔碩以東方飢荒，南客荊州。至興平中，趙岐以太僕持節使安慰天下，南詣荊州，乃復與賔碩相遇，相對流涕。岐為劉表陳其本末，由是益禮賔碩。頃之，賔碩病亡，岐在南，為行喪也。

Zhao Qi then told him everything. Sun Binshuo drove him straight home, halted the cart outside the gate, and went in first to tell his mother: "Today I met a friend worth dying for. He is outside and will come in to pay his respects." He went out, invited Zhao Qi inside, slaughtered an ox, brought out wine, and feasted with him. A day or two later, he transported Zhao Qi to a detached farmstead and hid him within a double wall. Several years later, Tang Heng and his brother both died. Zhao Qi was at last able to emerge and return to his home commandery. All Three Excellencies summoned him to service, and he rose successively through office to become a commandery Administrator, Inspector, and Minister Coachman. Sun Binshuo likewise became renowned throughout the eastern provinces and eventually served as Inspector of Yu Province.At the end of the Chuping era, famine in the east drove Sun Binshuo south to Jing Province. During the Xingping era, Zhao Qi, then Minister Coachman, was sent out as Bearer of the Imperial Tally to conciliate the realm. When he travelled south to Jing Province, he met Sun Binshuo again, and the two faced each other with tears streaming down their cheeks. Zhao Qi related the whole affair to Liu Biao, who thereafter treated Binshuo with still greater honour. Before long Binshuo died of illness. Zhao Qi, still in the south, observed mourning for him.

楊阿若後名豐，字伯陽，酒泉人。少游俠，常以報仇解怨為事，故時人為之號曰：「東市相斫楊阿若，西市相斫楊阿若。」至建安年中，太守徐揖誅郡中彊族黃氏。時黃昂得脫在外，乃以其家粟金數斛，募衆得千餘人以攻揖。揖城守。豐時在外，以昂為不義，乃告揖，捐妻子走詣張掖求救。會張掖又反，殺太守，而昂亦陷城殺揖，二郡合勢。昂恚豐不與己同，乃重募取豐，欲令張掖以麻繫其頭，生致之。豐遂逃走。

Yang Aruo, later named Feng and with the courtesy name Boyang, was from Jiuquan. In his youth, he was known for his chivalrous ways, often avenging wrongs and settling grievances. People of the time therefore had a saying: "When blades clash in the eastern market, there is Yang Aruo. When blades clash in the western market, there is Yang Aruo." During the Jian'an era, Grand Administrator Xu Yi executed the powerful Huang clan of his commandery. Huang Ang escaped and used several hu of gold from his family's stores to recruit more than a thousand men, with whom he attacked Xu Yi. Xu Yi held the city against him. Yang Feng was then away from home, but regarded Huang Ang's cause as unjust. He sent word to Xu Yi, left his wife and children, and hastened to Zhangye to seek aid. Just then, a rebellion also broke out in Zhangye, and the Grand Administrator was killed. Huang Ang likewise captured the city and killed Xu Yi, after which the forces of the two commanderies united. Enraged that Yang Feng had refused to join him, Huang Ang offered a large reward for his capture. He wanted the men of Zhangye to bind Yang Feng by the head with hemp and deliver him alive. Yang Feng was forced to flee.

武威太守張猛假豐為都尉，使齎檄告酒泉，聽豐為揖報仇。豐遂單騎入南羌中，合衆得千餘騎，從樂涫南山中出，指趨郡城。未到三十里，皆令騎下馬，曳柴揚塵。酒泉郡人望見塵起，以為東大兵到，遂破散。昂獨走出，羌捕得昂，豐謂昂曰：「卿前欲生繫我頸，今反為我所繫，云何？」昂慙謝，豐遂殺之。時黃華在東，又還領郡。豐畏華，復走依燉煌。至黃初中，河西興復，黃華降，豐乃還郡。郡舉孝廉，州表其義勇，詔即拜駙馬都尉。後二十餘年，病亡。

Zhang Meng, Grand Administrator of Wuwei, provisionally appointed Yang Feng Commandant and sent him with a proclamation to Jiuquan, authorising him to avenge Xu Yi. Yang Feng rode alone among the Southern Qiang and gathered more than a thousand cavalry. Emerging through the southern mountains of Leguan, he headed directly for the commandery seat. When still thirty Li away, he ordered every rider to dismount and drag bundles of brushwood behind him, raising clouds of dust. The people of Jiuquan saw the dust and believed that a great army had arrived from the east. Their forces collapsed and scattered. Huang Ang escaped alone, but the Qiang army caught him. Yang Feng said, "You once meant to bind me by the neck and take me alive. Now it is you who are bound before me. What have you to say?" Huang Ang pleaded in shame, but Yang Feng killed him. Huang Hua was then in the east and returned to take control of the commandery. Fearing that Huang Hua might retaliate against him, Yang Feng fled once more, this time to Dunhuang. During the Huangchu era, order was restored in the Hexi region and Huang Hua surrendered. Feng then returned to his commandery. The commandery nominated him as Filial and Incorrupt, while the province submitted a memorial praising his righteousness and courage. By imperial edict he was immediately appointed Commandant of Escorting Cavalry. He died of illness more than twenty years later.

鮑出字文才，京兆新豐人也。少游俠。興平中，三輔亂，出與老母兄弟五人家居本縣，以饑餓，留其母守舍，相將行採蓬實，合得數升，使其二兄初、雅及其弟成持歸，為母作食，獨與小弟在後採蓬。初等到家，而噉人賊數十人已略其母，以繩貫其手掌，驅去。初等怖恐，不敢追逐。須臾，出從後到，知母為賊所略，欲追賊。兄弟皆云：「賊衆，當如何？」出怒曰：「有母而使賊貫其手，將去煑噉之，用活何為？」乃攘臂結衽獨追之，行數里及賊。

Bao Chu, courtesy name Wencai, was from Xinfeng, Jingzhao.In his youth, he was also known for his chivalrous ways. During the Xingping era, when the Three Capital Areas were in turmoil, Bao Chu and his four brothers lived with their aged mother in their native county. Driven by hunger, they left their mother to look after the house while they went together to gather lotus seeds. After they had collected several pints, Bao Chu sent his elder brothers Chu and Ya and his younger brother Cheng home to prepare food for their mother, while he and his youngest brother remained to gather more. By the time the three reached home, several dozen man-eating bandits had abducted their mother. They had tied her hands and were about to drive her away. Terrified, the brothers dared not pursue them. Soon afterwards Bao Chu returned and learnt that his mother had been taken. He made ready to follow the bandits. His brothers all said, "There are too many of them. What can we do?" Bao Chu answered furiously, "What use is there in living if, while our mother still lives, we allow bandits to bind her hands, carry her off, boil her, and eat her?" He bared his arms, hitched up his robe, and set off alone. After several li, he caught up with the bandits.

賊望見出，乃共布列待之。出到，回從一頭斫賊四五人。賊走，復合聚圍出，出跳越圍斫之，又殺十餘人。時賊分布，驅出母前去。賊連擊出，不勝，乃走與前輩合。出復追擊之，還見其母與比舍嫗同貫相連，出遂復奮擊賊。賊問出曰：「卿欲何得？」出責數賊，指其母以示之，賊乃解還出母。比舍嫗獨不解，遙望出求哀。出復斫賊，賊謂出曰：「已還卿母，何為不止？」出又指求哀嫗：「此我嫂也。」賊復解還之。出得母還，遂相扶將，客南陽。

Seeing him, they drew together and waited for his approach. Bao Chu charged them, wheeled around, and struck one end of their line, cutting down four or five men. The rest fled, but soon regrouped and surrounded him. Bao Chu broke out of the encirclement and charged them again, killing more than ten. Meanwhile, some of the bandits had gone ahead with Bao Chu's mother. The others repeatedly attacked him but could not overcome him, so they fled to join the forward party. Bao Chu pursued them and again attacked. He then saw his mother bound by the same rope to an old woman from a neighbouring house, and renewed his assault. The bandits called out, "What do you want?" Bao Chu denounced their crimes and pointed at his mother. They untied her and gave her back. The neighbour remained bound and cried out to Bao Chu for mercy from afar. Bao Chu attacked the bandits once more. The bandit said, "We have already returned your mother. Why will you not stop?" Pointing to the woman who had called to him, Bao Chu replied, "She is my sister-in-law." The bandits untied her too and let her go. Bao Chu received his mother, and the family helped one another south to seek refuge in Nanyang.

建安五年，關中始開，出來北歸，而其母不能步行，兄弟欲共輿之。出以輿車歷山險危，不如負之安穩，乃以籠盛其母，獨自負之，到鄉里。鄉里士大夫嘉其孝烈，欲薦州郡，郡辟召出，出曰：「田民不堪冠帶。」至青龍中，母年百餘歲乃終，出時年七十餘，行喪如禮，於今年八九十，才若五六十者。

In the fifth year of Jian'an, when Guanzhong first reopened, Bao Chu set out north for home. His mother could no longer walk, and his brothers wanted to carry her together in a cart. Bao Chu thought a cart would be perilous over the mountain roads and that carrying her on his back would be safer. He therefore placed her in a basket and bore her home alone. The local gentry admired his intense filial devotion and wished to recommend him to the province and commandery. When the commandery summoned him to office, Bao Chu said, "I am a man of the fields and unfit for cap and sash." During the Qinglong era, his mother died at more than a hundred years of age. Bao Chu was then over seventy. He observed every mourning rite. He is now between eighty and ninety, yet looked like a man of fifty or sixty.

魚豢曰：昔孔子歎顏回，以為三月不違仁者，蓋觀其心耳，孰如孫、祝菜色於市里，顛倒於牢獄，據有實事哉？且夫濮陽周氏不敢匿迹，魯之朱家不問情實，是何也？懼禍之及，且心不安也。而太史公猶貴其竟脫季布，豈若二賢，厥義多乎？今故遠收孫、祝，而近錄楊、鮑，旣不欲其泯滅，且敦薄俗。至於鮑出，不染禮教，心痛意發，起於自然，迹雖在編戶，與篤烈君子何以異乎？若夫楊阿若，少稱任俠，長遂蹈義，自西徂東，摧討逆節，可謂勇而有仁者也。

Yu Huan said: When Confucius praised Yan Hui for not straying from benevolence for three months, he could only have been judging his heart. Who can compare with Sun Bingsuo and Zhu Gongdao, one gaunt in the marketplace and the other suffering in prison, whose virtue was borne out by their deeds? Moreover, the Zhou family of Puyang did not dare openly shelter the fugitive, while Zhu Jia of Lu did not ask the truth of the matter. Why was this? They feared that disaster might reach them, yet their consciences would not let them stand aside. Even so, the Grand Historian esteemed Zhu Jia for ultimately securing Ji Bu's release. How could he compare with these two worthies, whose righteousness was greater still? I have therefore gathered the more distant accounts of Sun Bingsuo and Zhu Gongdao and recorded the more recent deeds of Yang Feng and Bao Chu. I wished not only to preserve their names from oblivion, but also to strengthen the weak morals of our age. Bao Chu had never been imbued with ritual instruction. The pain in his heart stirred his resolve, and his actions sprang entirely from his natural feelings. Though but a common man, how did he differ from a gentleman of steadfast and ardent virtue? Yang Aruo was famed in youth for his chivalry, and in maturity distinguished himself through righteous deeds. From west to east, he struck down and punished rebels. He may truly be called courageous and benevolent.